Santorini - Through The Centuries
Known in ancient times as Strongili—meaning “round” in Greek—Santorini boasts a rich and dramatic history that dates back to the Neolithic era, around the middle of the 5th millennium BC. According to archaeological excavations, the island was first inhabited around 3600 BC by a thriving civilization believed to be Minoan, sharing strong cultural similarities with the Minoans of Crete, just 70 nautical miles to the south.
Around 1450 BC, Santorini experienced one of the most catastrophic volcanic eruptions in recorded history. This eruption collapsed the volcanic cone, forming the iconic caldera visible today. The explosion was so massive that it caused the eastern edge of the island to collapse into the sea, creating a deep crater that filled with seawater. Although signs of volcanic activity may have allowed residents time to evacuate, their settlements were ultimately buried beneath thick layers of ash, pumice, and lava.
Many scientists consider the Santorini eruption to be the most powerful natural disaster ever to occur on Earth. Its resulting tsunami and widespread ashfall likely impacted nearby regions, including Crete, and may have contributed to the decline of the Minoan civilization. This catastrophic event has also been linked to the enduring myth of Atlantis, fueling speculation that Santorini could be the true location of the legendary lost city. Following the eruption, human settlement on the island ceased for centuries. It wasn’t until around 900 BC that people began to resettle Santorini in significant numbers. By the 4th century BC, the island came under Athenian control. After Alexander the Great’s death in 323 BC, the island was ruled by the Ptolemies of Egypt. Later, as Rome expanded, Santorini became part of the Roman Empire.
During the Byzantine era (395–1200 AD), Santorini remained relatively isolated. In 1204, following the Fourth Crusade and the fall of Constantinople, the island was handed over to the Italians, who introduced Roman Catholicism. Many of their churches and institutions still survive. It was during this period that the island received its modern name—Santorini—a contraction of Santa Irini (Saint Irene).
In 1537, the Ottoman Turks took control of the island, but largely left it untouched. After Greece gained independence in 1829, Santorini officially joined the modern Greek state. During the 19th century, wealthy locals who succeeded in shipping and trade built elegant mansions, although the island largely remained off the world’s radar.
Interest in Santorini surged in the late 1960s and 70s, especially with the uncovering of Akrotiri, an ancient city buried under volcanic ash. Excavations, which began in 1967, revealed a remarkably preserved settlement with paved roads, three-story buildings, vibrant frescoes, ceramics, and countless other artifacts—offering a rare glimpse into ancient Aegean life.
Today, Santorini is one of the most iconic island destinations in the world, known for its breathtaking caldera views, romantic sunsets, and rich cultural heritage. With its dramatic landscapes, ancient ruins, and charming white-washed villages, Santorini offers an unforgettable travel experience that blends history, myth, and natural beauty. From luxury hotels and fine dining to volcanic beaches and photogenic vistas, the island remains one of Greece’s most captivating treasures.
